{"id":8008,"date":"2024-08-05T18:41:10","date_gmt":"2024-08-05T16:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/?p=8008"},"modified":"2024-08-07T11:21:14","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T09:21:14","slug":"kod-letiste-iata-mezinarodni-zkratky-zemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/kod-letiste-iata-mezinarodni-zkratky-zemi\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00f3dy leti\u0161\u0165 IATA: co to je a jak funguj\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pokud r\u00e1di cestujete<\/a>, jist\u011b jste si n\u011bkdy na sv\u00e9 palubn\u00ed vstupence nebo na visa\u010dce od zavazadla v\u0161imli nen\u00e1padn\u00e9ho t\u0159\u00edp\u00edsmenn\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. Napadlo v\u00e1s ale, co vlastn\u011b tato zkratka znamen\u00e1? Jedn\u00e1 se o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed k\u00f3d IATA, kter\u00fd se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed leti\u0161\u0165. Pro\u010d jsou ale vlastn\u011b tyto leti\u0161tn\u00ed k\u00f3dy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"International<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Co\/Kdo je to IATA?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

IATA je zkratka pro International Air Transport Associatione neboli Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed asociaci leteck\u00e9 dopravy a jedn\u00e1 se o spole\u010dnost podporuj\u00edc\u00ed od roku 1945 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed leteck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. IATA s\u00eddl\u00ed v kanadsk\u00e9m Montrealu a zab\u00fdv\u00e1 se mno\u017estv\u00edm \u010dinnost\u00ed, jimi\u017e se sna\u017e\u00ed zlep\u0161ovat efektivitu a bezpe\u010dnost leteck\u00e9 dopravy na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Prakticky tak nad na\u0161imi ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edmi v\u00fdlety k mo\u0159i nebo za pozn\u00e1n\u00edm dr\u017e\u00ed co nejpevn\u011bji svou ochrannou ruku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010c\u00edm v\u0161\u00edm se tedy konkr\u00e9tn\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1? IATA m\u00e1 na starosti p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm normy leteck\u00e9 dopravy, aby napomohla zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed jej\u00edho provozu a pomohla ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed efektivity. Proto vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad standardy a normy pro letenky a zavazadla nebo pr\u00e1v\u011b standardizovan\u00e9 k\u00f3dy leti\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Organizace se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 i podporou bezpe\u010dnosti, a tak spolupracuje s leteck\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi nebo t\u0159eba vl\u00e1dn\u00edmi agenturami, s jejich\u017e pomoc\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed zajistit a zvy\u0161ovat bezpe\u010dnost l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed. Jak v r\u00e1mci bezpe\u010dnosti, tak jin\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed leteck\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu se tak\u00e9 v\u011bnuje \u0161kolen\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstanc\u016f a zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich profesionality. Pokud tedy na leti\u0161ti \u010di p\u0159\u00edmo v letadle naraz\u00edte na prefektn\u00ed slu\u017eby, m\u016f\u017eete za to s velkou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed pod\u011bkovat pr\u00e1v\u011b IATA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b toho se v\u011bnuje i advokacii a lobbingu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zastupuje z\u00e1jmy leteck\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a bojuje za zle\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed politiky leteck\u00e9 dopravy a jej\u00edch regulac\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 u n\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete narazit na nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed statistiky a anal\u00fdzy, kter\u00e9 mohou napom\u00e1hat leteck\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem zlep\u0161ovat sv\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"IATA<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u0159\u00edp\u00edsmenn\u00e9 zkratky st\u00e1t\u016f: leti\u0161tn\u00ed IATA k\u00f3dy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

IATA m\u00e1 na sv\u00e9m to do listu p\u0159ehr\u0161el aktivit a jednou z nich je i p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed 3p\u00edsmenn\u00fdch leti\u0161tn\u00edch k\u00f3d\u016f. Ty slou\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k tomu, aby p\u0159ehledn\u011b a jasn\u011b ozna\u010dily v\u0161echna mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b a leteck\u00e9 p\u0159epravce, na kter\u00e9 jen m\u016f\u017eete narazit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tyto k\u00f3dy se pak pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed na letenk\u00e1ch, zavazadlov\u00fdch visa\u010dk\u00e1ch, v rezerva\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech nebo nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch cestovn\u00edch dokumentech. Naraz\u00edte na n\u011b \u010dasto tak\u00e9 na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch cestovn\u00edch kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dovolen\u00e9 a v\u00fdchoz\u00edho \u010di c\u00edlov\u00e9ho leti\u0161t\u011b. Pokud byste nav\u00edc hledali n\u011bjak\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed, sta\u010d\u00ed si vyhledat na intenrnetu heslo IATA k\u00f3dy a zobraz\u00ed se v\u00e1m jejich kompletn\u00ed seznamy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je skoro a\u017e s podivem, \u017ee prvn\u00ed leti\u0161tn\u00ed k\u00f3dy se za\u010daly pou\u017e\u00edvat u\u017e ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed, a to v r\u00e1mci budov\u00e1n\u00ed kanadsk\u00e9 celost\u00e1tn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b meteorologick\u00fdch stanic. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich obdr\u017eela dvoup\u00edsmenn\u00fd k\u00f3d, co\u017e m\u011blo pilot\u016fm p\u0159il\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edm do Kanady usnadnit navigaci let\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O deset let pozd\u011bji se ji\u017e za\u010daly leti\u0161t\u011b dynamicky rozv\u00edjet, a tak se za\u010daly pou\u017e\u00edvat t\u0159\u00edp\u00edsmenn\u00e9 k\u00f3dy \u2013 ke st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm dvoup\u00edsmenn\u00fdm k\u00f3d\u016fm p\u0159ibylo p\u00edsmeno X na konci, co\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad leti\u0161ti v Los Angeles<\/a> (LAX) z\u016fstalo dodnes. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u00edsmena Y, kter\u00e9 zna\u010dilo, zda leti\u0161t\u011b disponuje meteorologickou a rozhlasovou stanic\u00ed. Takov\u00fd k\u00f3d dodnes pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 t\u0159eba leti\u0161t\u011b v Torontu (YYZ).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"IATA\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jak se mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed zkratky st\u00e1t\u016f IATA p\u0159id\u011bluj\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 by v\u00e1s zaj\u00edmalo, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ze k\u00f3dy tvo\u0159\u00ed, koneckonc\u016f pokud tento princip pochop\u00edme, budeme je moci l\u00e9pe \u010d\u00edst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IATA se p\u0159i p\u0159idelov\u00e1n\u00ed techto k\u00f3d\u016f \u0159\u00edd\u00ed specifick\u00fdmi pravidly. Ty prim\u00e1rn\u011b zahrnuj\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti o k\u00f3d leti\u0161t\u011bm nebo leteckou spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 o n\u011bj usiluje. IATA tuto \u017e\u00e1dost n\u00e1sledn\u011b posoud\u00ed a analyzuje na z\u00e1klad\u011b velikosti nebo t\u0159eba objemu provozu leti\u0161t\u011b \u010di geografick\u00e9ho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed. K\u00f3d toti\u017e mus\u00ed b\u00fdt generov\u00e1n tak, aby byl co nejsn\u00e1ze zapamatovateln\u00fd, co\u017e se odv\u00edj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b od t\u011bchto znak\u016f. Po schv\u00e1len\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti IATA k\u00f3d p\u0159id\u011bl\u00ed a zaregistruje v syst\u00e9mu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ho m\u016f\u017ee aktualizovat, pokud by nastaly zm\u011bny nap\u0159\u00edklad ve jm\u00e9n\u011b leti\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pravidla p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch k\u00f3d\u016f sice IATA nezve\u0159ejnila, b\u011b\u017en\u011b si ale u k\u00f3d\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme v\u0161imnout n\u011bkolika z\u00e1kladn\u00edch princip\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m je mohou pomoci rozkl\u00ed\u010dovat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f3d se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z prvn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed p\u00edsmen<\/strong> n\u00e1zvu m\u011bsta, kde se leti\u0161t\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed. K\u00f3dy se v\u017edy skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z kombinace 3 p\u00edsmen, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt unik\u00e1tn\u00ed, ale dob\u0159e zapamatovateln\u00e1. \u010casto se tedy odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed od jeho geografick\u00e9 polohy. P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt t\u0159eba IST \u2013 Istanbul nebo ATL \u2013 Atlanta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f3d se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z kombinace p\u00edsmen v n\u00e1zvu m\u011bsta.<\/strong> N\u011bkdy se m\u011bsto nejmenuje \u00fapln\u011b vhodn\u011b a k\u00f3d slo\u017een\u00fd z prvn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed p\u00edsmen by byl krkolomn\u00fd, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b u\u017e takov\u00fd k\u00f3d existuje. V tu chv\u00edli IATA tvo\u0159\u00ed kombinace n\u011bkter\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch p\u00edsmen obsa\u017een\u00fdch v n\u00e1zvu m\u011bst. Takov\u00fd k\u00f3d m\u00e1me nap\u0159\u00edklad na leti\u0161ti V\u00e1clava Havla v Praze (PRG) a najdete podle n\u011bj mimo jin\u00e9 i leti\u0161t\u011b v Barcelon\u011b<\/a> (BCN).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f3d se odv\u00edj\u00ed od specifick\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu leti\u0161t\u011b<\/strong> nebo jin\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho \u010di kulturn\u00edho odkazu. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 leti\u0161t\u011b m\u00e1 krom\u011b jeho geografick\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu i ten specifick\u00fd, \u010dasto pojemnovan\u00fd po n\u011bjak\u00e9 slavn\u00e9 osobnosti dan\u00e9 zem\u011b. K\u00f3dy se proto mohou odv\u00edjet i od techno n\u00e1zv\u016f a nese ho t\u0159eba leti\u0161t\u011b Johna F. Kennedyho (JFK) nebo leti\u0161t\u011b ve Stockholmu s n\u00e1zvem Arlanda (ARN).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Leti\u0161t\u011b<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

IATA code a \u010desk\u00e1 leti\u0161t\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zn\u00e1te v\u0161echna \u010desk\u00e1 leti\u0161t\u011b a jejich k\u00f3dy? A co t\u0159eba leti\u0161t\u011b na\u0161ich soused\u016f, kter\u00e9 se tak\u00e9 \u010dasto st\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fdchoz\u00edmi body na\u0161ich dovolen\u00fdch?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejfrektventovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm je u n\u00e1s rozhodn\u011b leti\u0161t\u011b V\u00e1clava Havla v Praze, jeho\u017e IATA k\u00f3d zn\u00ed PRG, v t\u011bsn\u00e9m z\u00e1v\u011bsu v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eete l\u00e9tat na dovolenou z leti\u0161t\u011b Brno-Tu\u0159any s k\u00f3dem BRQ nebo z leti\u0161t\u011b Leo\u0161e Jan\u00e1\u010dka v Ostrav\u011b (OSR). Men\u0161\u00edmi \u010desk\u00fdmi leti\u0161ti, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak st\u00e1le nesou status mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho leti\u0161t\u011b je pak to v Karlov\u00fdch Varech (KLV) a Pardubic\u00edch (PED).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed je mezi \u010desk\u00fdmi turisty tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba leti\u0161t\u011b ve V\u00eddni, kde je \u010dasto mo\u017en\u00e9 sehnat levn\u00e9 letenky a kter\u00e9 nese k\u00f3d VIE. Obl\u00edben\u00fd je i Mnichov (MUC) \u010di polsk\u00e1 Var\u0161ava (WAW) a pozadu nez\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ani Berl\u00edn<\/a> (BER) nebo Frankfurt nad Mohanem (FRA). Podle zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch k\u00f3d\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme ur\u010dite, \u017ee IATA si v\u00a0r\u00e1mci jejich vym\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b dala z\u00e1le\u017eet hlavn\u011b na georgrafick\u00e9 poloze, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, jak\u00e9 leti\u0161t\u011b se pod kter\u00fdm k\u00f3dem ukr\u00fdv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A jak\u00fd k\u00f3d budete p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b pot\u0159ebovat vy? Vyd\u00e1te se s TUI na dovolenou z n\u011bkter\u00e9ho z \u010desk\u00fdch leti\u0161\u0165, nebo rad\u011bji zvol\u00edte v\u00fdjezd od soused\u016f? Vyberte si z na\u0161\u00ed bohat\u00e9 nab\u00eddky z\u00e1jezd\u016f<\/a> a vyje\u010fte za dobrodru\u017estv\u00edm!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pokud r\u00e1di cestujete, jist\u011b jste si n\u011bkdy na sv\u00e9 palubn\u00ed vstupence nebo na visa\u010dce od zavazadla v\u0161imli nen\u00e1padn\u00e9ho t\u0159\u00edp\u00edsmenn\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. Napadlo v\u00e1s ale, co vlastn\u011b tato zkratka znamen\u00e1? Jedn\u00e1 se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":8013,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[182],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cestovani"],"home_img_url":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/PHOTOMAIN-1-585x390.jpg","home_img_alt":"Leti\u0161t\u011b, cestovn\u00ed pas","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8008","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8008"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8008\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8015,"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8008\/revisions\/8015"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8013"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}