{"id":8491,"date":"2025-01-30T15:21:07","date_gmt":"2025-01-30T14:21:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/?p=8491"},"modified":"2025-01-30T13:28:16","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T12:28:16","slug":"chram-abu-simbel-nejvetsi-skvost-egypta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/chram-abu-simbel-nejvetsi-skvost-egypta\/","title":{"rendered":"Chr\u00e1m Ab\u00fa Simbel: Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skvost Egypta"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Chr\u00e1my v Ab\u00fa Simbelu pat\u0159\u00ed k nejvelkolep\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pam\u00e1tk\u00e1m starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta<\/a>. Tento ve sk\u00e1le vytesan\u00fd monument\u00e1ln\u00ed chr\u00e1mov\u00fd komplex, postaven\u00fd za vl\u00e1dy Ramesse II. na \u00fazem\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 N\u00fabie na b\u0159ez\u00edch N\u00e1sirova jezera, dodnes ohromuje svou majest\u00e1tnost\u00ed. Objevte s n\u00e1mi neoby\u010dejn\u00e1 tajemstv\u00ed Ab\u00fa Simbelu a zjist\u011bte, pro\u010d toto m\u00edsto inspiruje cestovatele ji\u017e po stalet\u00ed!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Velk\u00fd<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vznik chr\u00e1m\u016f v Ab\u00fa Simbelu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chr\u00e1my Ab\u00fa Simbel jsou vlastn\u011b dva a tvo\u0159\u00ed komplex, kter\u00fd byl postaven za vl\u00e1dy faraona Ramesse II. p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ve 13. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. Stavby m\u011bly manifestovat faraonovu moc p\u0159ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky z N\u00fabie a slou\u017eit n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm. Velk\u00fd chr\u00e1m byl zasv\u011bcen boh\u016fm slunce Amon-Re a Re-Horachte a bohu Ptahovi, zat\u00edmco Mal\u00fd chr\u00e1m zasv\u011btili bohyni Hathor a faraonov\u011b man\u017eelce Nefertari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monument\u00e1ln\u00ed architektura chr\u00e1m\u016f Ab\u00fa Simbel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chr\u00e1mov\u00fd komplex v Ab\u00fa Simbelu byl budov\u00e1n p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 let, tedy d\u00e9le ne\u017e Velk\u00e1 pyramida. Je vytes\u00e1n do p\u00edskovcov\u00e9 sk\u00e1ly do hloubky 60 metr\u016f a zaujme precizn\u011b napl\u00e1novan\u00fdm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm m\u00edstnost\u00ed, jejich\u017e velikost se postupn\u011b zmen\u0161uje, jak se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edte ke svatyni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Velk\u00fd<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Velk\u00fd chr\u00e1m a jeho \u00fachvatn\u00e1 stavba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u016f\u010del\u00ed Velk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu zdob\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed, v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 metr\u016f vysok\u00e9 sochy sed\u00edc\u00edho Ramese II., kter\u00e9 majest\u00e1tn\u011b hled\u00ed na obzor. U jejich nohou stoj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed sochy zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dleny kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 rodiny \u2013 jeho man\u017eelku Nefertari, matku Tuvu a kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 potomky.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u016fsobiv\u00fd hypostylov\u00fd s\u00e1l, dlouh\u00fd 18 metr\u016f a \u0161irok\u00fd 16,7 metru, podp\u00edr\u00e1 osm masivn\u00edch soch Ramesse II. v podob\u011b boha Osirise. Na st\u011bn\u00e1ch chr\u00e1mu jsou pak um\u00edst\u011bny propracovan\u00e9 basreli\u00e9fy p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed faraonovy vojensk\u00e9 triumfy, zejm\u00e9na s odkazem na bitvu u Kade\u0161e, kter\u00e1 byla zlomov\u00fdm bodem ve vztaz\u00edch s Chetitskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u016fsobiv\u00e1 hra se sv\u011btlem<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Chr\u00e1m byl zasv\u011bcen nejen samotn\u00e9mu Ramessovi II., ale tak\u00e9 boh\u016fm Amonovi, Re-Horachtovi a Ptahovi. Nejv\u00edce fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm aspektem stavby je p\u0159esn\u011b napl\u00e1novan\u00fd astronomick\u00fd \u00fakaz \u2013 dvakr\u00e1t do roka, v dob\u011b jarn\u00ed a podzimn\u00ed rovnodennosti, proniknou prvn\u00ed paprsky vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho slunce do 56 metr\u016f hlubok\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu a na 20 minut osv\u011btl\u00ed sochy t\u0159\u00ed boh\u016f. Pouze obraz Ptaha, boha temnoty, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nem\u011bnn\u011b pono\u0159en do tmy, co\u017e dokonale odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jeho povahu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento pozoruhodn\u00fd jev, p\u0159ezd\u00edvan\u00fd \u201ez\u00e1zrak slunce\u201c, nebyl n\u00e1hodn\u00fd. Starov\u011bc\u00ed architekti z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b navrhli chr\u00e1m tak, aby toto mystick\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed zd\u016fraznilo faraonovo bo\u017esk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed a jeho zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pouto s bohy. Monument\u00e1ln\u00ed komplex, strategicky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd na ji\u017en\u00edch hranic\u00edch st\u00e1tu, m\u011bl tak\u00e9 politickou roli \u2013 jeho impozantn\u00ed architektura a kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed sochy Ramesse II. m\u011bly jasn\u011b demonstrovat s\u00edlu egyptsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e v\u016f\u010di sousedn\u00ed N\u00fabii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Mal\u00fd<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mal\u00fd Nefertariin chr\u00e1m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mal\u00fd chr\u00e1m v Ab\u00fa Simbelu byl zasv\u011bcen bohyni Hathor a man\u017eelce Ramsese II. kr\u00e1lovn\u011b Nefertari. Jedn\u00e1 se o neobvykl\u00e9 m\u00edsto, proto\u017ee zde byla poprv\u00e9 v egyptsk\u00e9 historii kr\u00e1lovna zobrazena na stejn\u00e9 \u00farovni jako faraon \u2013 jej\u00ed sochy jsou stejn\u011b vysok\u00e9 jako sochy Ramsese.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interi\u00e9r Mal\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu zdob\u00ed malby a reli\u00e9fy zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly spojen\u00e9 s kultem Hathor. Tato bohyn\u011b byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za ochr\u00e1nkyni l\u00e1sky a hudby, co\u017e se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ve v\u00fdzdob\u011b st\u011bn. Chr\u00e1m je sv\u011bdectv\u00edm velk\u00e9 l\u00e1sky faraona k jeho man\u017eelce a jej\u00edho vysok\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed ve st\u00e1tn\u00ed hierarchii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Interi\u00e9r<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jak byly chr\u00e1my v Ab\u00fa Simbelu objeveny<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Majest\u00e1tn\u00ed chr\u00e1my Ramesse II. le\u017eely po stalet\u00ed ukryt\u00e9 pod zlat\u00fdm p\u00edskem pou\u0161t\u011b, dokud nebyly v roce 1813 n\u00e1hodn\u011b objeveny. Tehdy \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd cestovatel Johann Ludwig Burckhardt spat\u0159il hlavu jedn\u00e9 z kolos\u00e1ln\u00edch soch vy\u010dn\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed z dun spolu s diad\u00e9my dal\u0161\u00edch dvou. Teprve v roce 1817 se italsk\u00fd badatel Giovanni Battista Belzoni ujal n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00fakolu odkr\u00fdt monument\u00e1ln\u00ed komplex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento velkolep\u00fd objev znamenal za\u010d\u00e1tek nov\u00e9 kapitoly v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch egyptologie a p\u0159it\u00e1hl pozornost v\u011bdc\u016f z cel\u00e9 Evropy. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed roli p\u0159i studiu chr\u00e1m\u016f Ab\u00fa Simbel sehr\u00e1l polsk\u00fd archeolog, profesor Kazimierz Micha\u0142owski, kter\u00fd v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed vedl mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed odbornou komisi na z\u00e1chranu chr\u00e1m\u016f p\u0159ed zatopen\u00edm vodami jezera Naser. Jeho p\u0159\u00ednos k z\u00e1chran\u011b t\u00e9to neoceniteln\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky starov\u011bk\u00e9 kultury je neoceniteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pohled<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ab\u00fa Simbel a jeho st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed byly chr\u00e1my v Ab\u00fa Simbelu p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bny o 65 metr\u016f v\u00fd\u0161e na um\u011bl\u00e9 kopce, a to kv\u016fli stavb\u011b Velk\u00e9 Asu\u00e1nsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jezera Naser. Tato operace byla jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fdch po\u010din\u016f 20. stolet\u00ed a vy\u017e\u00e1dala si mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci pod z\u00e1\u0161titou UNESCO<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chr\u00e1my byly roz\u0159ez\u00e1ny na bloky, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00e1\u017eil n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek tun, a p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bny na vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 m\u00edsto vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 asi 200 metr\u016f od jejich p\u016fvodn\u00edho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed. T\u00edm byly tyto jedine\u010dn\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky zachr\u00e1n\u011bny p\u0159ed zaplaven\u00edm vodami jezera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Poni\u010den\u00e9<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed s n\u00edm skoro neot\u0159\u00e1slo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chr\u00e1my Ab\u00fa Simbel p\u0159e\u017eily mnoho v\u00fdzev, v\u010detn\u011b zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 po\u0161kodila n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti komplexu. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem je zni\u010den\u00ed horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti jedn\u00e9 z monument\u00e1ln\u00edch soch Ramesse II. b\u011bhem zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed v roce 27 p\u0159. n. l. Navzdory tomuto po\u0161kozen\u00ed se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee stavby, je\u017e byly vytes\u00e1ny do sk\u00e1ly, jsou pozoruhodn\u011b odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di seismick\u00fdm ot\u0159es\u016fm. Starov\u011bc\u00ed architekti zkr\u00e1tka v\u011bd\u011bli, co d\u011blaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modern\u00ed pr\u016fzkumy a rekonstrukce, nap\u0159\u00edklad ty, kter\u00e9 byly provedeny p\u0159i st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed chr\u00e1m\u016f v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed, pak poskytly p\u0159ed mo\u017en\u00fdm po\u0161kozen\u00edm dal\u0161\u00ed ochranu. Dnes je d\u00edky tomu konstrukce chr\u00e1m\u016f chr\u00e1n\u011bna tak, aby odolala zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed o s\u00edle a\u017e 10 stup\u0148\u016f Richterovy \u0161k\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Sochy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Komplex Ab\u00fa Simbel je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd v ka\u017ed\u00e9m ohledu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chr\u00e1my Ab\u00fa Simbel jsou dnes jednou z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch egyptsk\u00fdch<\/a> pam\u00e1tek, a tak nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee jsou zaps\u00e1ny na seznamu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO. Komplex je toti\u017e nejen sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o s\u00edle starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta, ale tak\u00e9 uk\u00e1zkou modern\u00edch technologick\u00fdch proces\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch jeho p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed. Kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed Ab\u00fa Simbelu tak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eiv\u00e9 i pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 je i jeho um\u011bleck\u00e1 str\u00e1nka. Interi\u00e9ry chr\u00e1m\u016f zdob\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 basreli\u00e9fy zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdjevy ze \u017eivota Ramesse II. a kr\u00e1lovny Nefertari, v\u010detn\u011b slavn\u00e9 bitvy u Kade\u0161e. V\u00fdzdoba st\u011bn zobrazuje tak\u00e9 v\u00fdjevy ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed boh\u016fm a podobizny \u010dlen\u016f kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 rodiny. V\u00fdzdoba chr\u00e1m\u016f dosahuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b staroegyptsk\u00e9ho um\u011bleck\u00e9ho \u0159emesla a dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 tak sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o jeho jedine\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pohled<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Lze nav\u0161t\u00edvit chr\u00e1my Ab\u00fa Simbel?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ano, chr\u00e1my Ab\u00fa Simbel v Egypt\u011b<\/a> lze nav\u0161t\u00edvit. Komplex, kter\u00fd zahrnuje Velk\u00fd chr\u00e1m Ramesse II. a men\u0161\u00ed chr\u00e1m kr\u00e1lovny Nefertari, jsou turist\u016fm p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd celoro\u010dn\u011b. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed dobou pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu je \u010dasn\u00e9 r\u00e1no nebo pozdn\u00ed odpoledne, kdy se m\u00e1te \u0161anci vyhnout dav\u016fm a horku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b monument\u00e1ln\u00edch obraz\u016f, soch a bohat\u00e9 v\u00fdzdoby chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch interi\u00e9r\u016f, si zde m\u016f\u017eete u\u017e\u00edt ve\u010dern\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9 a zvukov\u00e9 show, kter\u00e9 velkolep\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem o\u017eivuj\u00ed historii m\u00edsta. Do Ab\u00fa Simbelu se dostanete z Asu\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd je od komplexu vzd\u00e1len asi 300 km. Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi mo\u017enostmi dopravy jsou plavba po Nilu, pron\u00e1jem auta nebo let letadlem<\/a> na nedalek\u00e9 leti\u0161t\u011b. Pokud si nejste jist\u00ed, kterou z mo\u017enost\u00ed vybrat, vyra\u017ete obdivovat Ab\u00fa Simbel v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9ho TUI z\u00e1jezdu<\/a> do Egypta a nechte ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed na zku\u0161en\u00fdch deleg\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chr\u00e1my v Ab\u00fa Simbelu pat\u0159\u00ed k nejvelkolep\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pam\u00e1tk\u00e1m starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta. Tento ve sk\u00e1le vytesan\u00fd monument\u00e1ln\u00ed chr\u00e1mov\u00fd komplex, postaven\u00fd za vl\u00e1dy Ramesse II. na \u00fazem\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 N\u00fabie na b\u0159ez\u00edch N\u00e1sirova jezera,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":8492,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[182],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cestovani"],"home_img_url":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/PHOTOMAIN-7-585x390.jpg","home_img_alt":"Chr\u00e1m Ab\u00fa Simbel","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8491"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8503,"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8491\/revisions\/8503"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tui.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}